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Working principle of a horizontal quenching furnace
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The working principle of a horizontal quenching furnace is primarily based on electromagnetic induction and controlled heat treatment processes. At its core, it uses an alternating magnetic field to induce eddy currents within the metal workpiece, enabling rapid and deep heating. Subsequently, controlled cooling is employed to achieve a high-hardness microstructure.
Heating process
When ultrasonic or high-frequency current passes through the induction coil surrounding the machine tool worktable, a powerful alternating magnetic field is generated.
When a metal workpiece is placed in this magnetic field, eddy currents are induced inside it due to electromagnetic induction. Under the resistance of the metal, these eddy currents rapidly convert electrical energy into thermal energy, causing the surface layer of the workpiece to heat up to the quenching temperature in an extremely short period of time.
The ultrasonic frequency lies between high-frequency and medium-frequency ranges, enabling a harder case depth that is deeper than that achievable with high-frequency methods—typically ranging from 0.5 to 5 mm. At the same time, the heating rate is significantly faster than conventional methods; for example, a 800-mm-diameter optical axis can be heated in just a few tens of seconds.
Cooling process
Once the workpiece reaches the quenching temperature, the cooling system immediately activates and performs rapid, uniform cooling by spraying water, oil, or a polymer medium.
The cooling rate must be precisely controlled: too fast can lead to cracking, while too slow will affect hardness.
Control and Uniformity
The automated system achieves precise control over heating depth and surface hardness by adjusting the current frequency, power, and temperature feedback.
The induction coil is designed to match the shape of the workpiece (such as cylindrical shafts), ensuring uniform circumferential and axial heating. For large-sized workpieces (such as optical axes with a diameter of 800 mm), it is also necessary to use tooling fixtures to precisely align the axis position, thereby minimizing deformation caused by thermal stresses.
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2025-12-19
Working principle of a horizontal quenching furnace
The working principle of a horizontal quenching furnace is primarily based on electromagnetic induction and controlled heat treatment processes. At its core, the furnace generates eddy currents within the metal workpiece by means of an alternating magnetic field, enabling rapid and deep heating. Subsequently, controlled cooling is employed to achieve a high-hardness microstructure.
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